![]() Kinematic model for the Main Central thrust in Nepal. Geochronologic and thermobarometric constraints on the evolution of the Main Central Thrust, central Nepal Himalaya. Constraining central Himalayan (Nepal) fault geometry through integrated thermochronology and thermokinematic modeling. Middle-late Miocene (>10 Ma) formation of the Main Boundary thrust in the western Himalaya. Stratigraphy, structure, and tectonic evolution of the Himalayan fold-thrust belt in western Nepal. Thrust tectonics, crustal shortening, and the structure of the far-eastern Nepal Himalaya. Geology of the Himalayas (Interscience, 1964). The Himalayan passive margin from Precambrian to Cretaceous times. The Tibetan plateau: regional stratigraphic context and previous work. 269 (Geological Society of America, 1992). The South Tibetan Detachment System, Himalayan Orogen: Extension Contemporaneous With and Parallel to Shortening in a Collisional Mountain Belt Vol. Tectonics and structural zonation of southern Tibet, China. India–Asia convergence driven by the subduction of the Greater Indian continent. Slowing of India’s convergence with Eurasia since 20 Ma and its implications for Tibetan mantle dynamics. High-resolution reconstructions and GPS estimates of India–Eurasia and India–Somalia plate motions: 20 Ma to the present. The convergence history of India-Eurasia records multiple subduction dynamics processes. India–Eurasia collision chronology has implications for crustal shortening and driving mechanism of plates. Paleocene–Eocene record of ophiolite obduction and initial India-Asia collision, south central Tibet. Dating the Indian continental subduction and collisional thickening in the northwest Himalaya: Multichronology of the Tso Morari eclogites. Indian and African plate motions driven by the push force of the Réunion plume head. ![]() India-Asia collision and the Cenozoic slowdown of the Indian plate: Implications for the forces driving plate motions. Kinematic model of active deformation in central Asia. Mountain building: from earthquakes to geologic deformation. Geologic evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. Propagating extrusion tectonics in Asia: New insights from simple experiments with plasticine. Tapponnier, P., Peltzer, G., Le Dain, A., Armijo, R. Cenozoic tectonics of Asia: effects of a continental collision. Evolution of Asian monsoons and phased uplift of the Himalaya–Tibetan plateau since Late Miocene times. Mantle dynamics, uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, and the Indian Monsoon. How do landscapes record tectonics and climate? Lithosphere 4, 160–164 (2012). The influence of climate on the tectonic evolution of mountain belts. Decoupling of erosion and precipitation in the Himalayas. Orogeny and orography: the effects of erosion on the structure of mountain belts. Late Cenozoic uplift of mountain ranges and global climate change: chicken or egg? Nature 346, 29–34 (1990). Seismic behaviour of mountain belts controlled by plate convergence rate. Press, 2019).ĭal Zilio, L., van Dinther, Y., Gerya, T. The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting (Cambridge Univ. Himalayan earthquakes: a review of historical seismicity and early 21st century slip potential. By synthesizing numerous observations that co-vary along strike, we highlight that tectonic structures that developed over millions of years can influence stress accumulation, structural segmentation, earthquake rupture extent and location, and, consequently, the growth of the mountain range.īilham, R. Great (Mw 8+) Himalayan earthquakes are more commonly associated with complete megathrust ruptures, which release accumulated residual strain. ![]() We use examples from earthquake cycle models to suggest that partial ruptures could primarily occur in the downdip region of the Main Himalayan Thrust. At shorter (decadal) timescales, tectonic geodesy reveals that elastic strain is periodically released via earthquakes. We discuss how surface morphology of the Himalaya indicates that the convergence is largely accommodated by slip on the Main Himalayan Thrust plate boundary fault, which developed in the roots of the mountain range over millions of years. In this Review, we examine the feedbacks between long-term tectonic deformation (over millions of years) and the seismic cycle (years to centuries) in the Himalaya. Active mountain building involves a complex interplay between permanent tectonic processes and transient seismic events, which remain poorly understood. Convergence of the Indian Plate towards Eurasia has led to the building of the Himalaya, the highest mountain range on Earth.
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